In many countries around the world, including Estonia, the political participation of young people is relatively low. This phenomenon is a cause for concern for political analysts and strategists who are trying to understand the causes and find ways to involve young people in political processes.
In my view, the main factors are
- lack of trust in political actors
Sociological studies and
surveys show that young people perceive politics as corrupt and ineffective, which shapes their cynicism and apathy. Young people often feel that their voice does not matter and that political leaders do not represent their interests. This scepticism, fuelled by regular corruption scandals and the failure of governments to tackle pressing issues, creates a barrier to active participation.
- Lack of political literacy
Another important obstacle is the lack of political literacy among young people. Most education systems do not pay enough attention to political education, resulting in a lack of knowledge about how political processes work and how to participate effectively. This is compounded by the different approaches of teachers to the subject. Without an understanding of the basic principles of democracy and the role of civil society, young people simply do not understand the importance of their participation.
- Economic instability and media coverage
Recently, young people have been hit by economic instability, including high unemployment and low wages. This is leading them to focus on survival and immediate financial problems rather than long-term political change. Economic instability reduces young people’s access to the resources they need for political activism, such as time, money and social media.
In recent decades, social media has become a key source of information for young people, changing their perceptions of political activism. While social media can be an effective tool for mobilisation and information, it also contributes to a superficial approach to political issues.
- Social barriers and cultural attitudes
Social barriers and cultural attitudes also influence young people’s political activism. In many cultures, young people are perceived as incompetent to make serious decisions, leading to the marginalisation of their views. Such attitudes can discourage young people from participating in politics, especially when they are confronted with disparaging attitudes from older generations.
Of course, a holistic approach to this problem is needed, aiming at improving political literacy, economic conditions and trust in political institutions. Promoting long-term and sustainable development is possible through active participation in civic life, which has become particularly important during the forthcoming European elections. Activating young people and involving them indirectly in progress can ensure their full participation in political processes and policy-making.